South Africa

Apartheid and the opposition toward it:

3 most important points:
-There were laws that were being enforced that segregated three different groups: Asians, "Colored", and Black. (The Apartheid Laws)
     - Apartheid originated from the British Government Land Act which separated the Blacks
-The search for minerals
      -Whites becoming dependent on the work of Blacks
- The only people permitted to vote was the NP
2 consequences:
- Uprisings
     -SAIC which was started by Gandhi and represented the Indian population (which was nonviolent)
     -Nelson Mandela violated the Apartheid laws which caused him to be sentenced a lifetime jail sentence.
     -ANC violent uprisings
- The group areas act forced people into uni-race areas
1 question:
- Did the National community react at all to the Apartheid within Africa?


Resistance and radicalism:
The criminal law amendment act and public safety act: two pieces of legislations that gave more power to apartheid
Defiance campaign in 1952: ANC and SAIC launched a  campaign, Nelson Mandela was one of the leaders, followed Ghandi's non-violent philosophy
Bantu self-government act: Establishment of black homelands: bantustans
ANC gained support of other groups: created Freedom charter
Treason trial: high treason and communist
PAC: fought oppression rather than racism, protests, rejected the idea of multiracial, for pan-Africanism

Becoming South Africa
sabotage act of 1962 gave government right to arrest anyone who threatened the country
the MK was created and had mass non-violent actions, was actually a violent institution, the military branch of  ANC, the poqo had guerilla tactics (created fear, terrorism) targeted everyone
PAC had branch known as poqo
the MK was lead by nelson mandela, also was violent, but slightly less violent
black consciousness was a movement that paralleled black power in the u.s, it was led by Steve Biko and was banned in 1977.
the 1976 with the Soweto students, high school students were dissatisfied with the quality of education and rebelled, resulting in the death and injury of many students and people joining the ANC.

33-36
the international community instated an embargo against South Africa
in 1985 the government declared a state of emergency
police recruited black people into military and police forces wich allowed them more presence in society
trc- truth and reconciliation commission, judged if acts were political or felonious. (gave amnesty often)
in 1994 new voting rights were given to all citizens regardless of race
trc wrote a new constitution, it gave rights to everyone, race and genders would be equal. a new democratic constitution.
DeKlerk released Nelson Mandela from prison and banned anti-apartheid groups.
the TRC exposed the injustices that occurred to prisoners.